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(1) MIT: New insights on fusion power

David Chandler, MIT News Office
December 3, 2008

Research carried out at MIT's Alcator C-Mod fusion reactor may have brought the promise of fusion as a future power source a bit closer to reality, though scientists caution that a practical fusion powerplant is still decades away.

Adapted from - http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2008/fusion-results-tt1203.html


(2)Disappearing superconductivity reappears -- in 2-D

Scientists studying a material that appeared to lose its ability to carry current with no resistance say new measurements reveal that the material is indeed a superconductor -- but only in two dimensions. Equally surprising, this new form of 2-D superconductivity emerges at a higher temperature than ordinary 3-D superconductivity in other compositions of the same material.

Adapted from - http://www.bnl.gov/bnlweb/pubaf/pr/PR_display.asp?prID=865

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December 14, 2008

The Spectroscopy Net . Com


The Spectroscopy Net . Com

Chemistry online Resources

Link - http://www.thespectroscopynet.com/

The Spectroscopy Net is an informal Web site for all aspects of Optical (Atomic) Emission Spectrometry. Those seeking other spectroscopies, in particular we have lots of requests for atomic absorption spectroscopy, might try to come back later again as we constantly work on this site to cover more aspects of Spectrometry. We have opend the The Spectroscopy Net for contributions by the Experienced Researchers and Early Stage Researchers of the Marie Curie RTN Gladnet to give them the possibility of informing the public about their research interests and to get training in writing scientific contributions dedicated to the general public. In particular the participants of the training courses organised by Gladnet are encouraged to write a small topic on the training lectures.

The Spectrocopy Net was designed by Dr Richard Payling to bring emission spectrometry to the web, to support practitioners, and to provide an informal exchange of information. Richard was Manager of Surface Analytical, Consultant to Horiba Jobin-Yvon France and Conjoint Associate Professor of Physics, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2380, Australia.

The world of Light, of Sun and Stars, of Atoms and Chemical Analysis. The Spectroscopy Net is an open, free resource for Spectroscopists everywhere and everyone interested in Atomic Spectroscopy.

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spectroscopyNOW.com


spectroscopyNOW.com

Chemistry online Resources

Link - http://www.spectroscopynow.com/coi/cda/home.cda?chId=0

The free online resource for the spectroscopy community


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December 11, 2008

Interactive Computer Models for Analytical Chemistry Instruction


Interactive Computer Models for Analytical Chemistry Instruction

Chemistry online Resources

Link - http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~toh/models/

"This is a collection of free, downloadable, interactive computer models and simulations of common analytical instruments and techniques. Most have a point-and-click interface; you click buttons and drag sliders to control variables and the model responds dynamically, often much faster than real time. I originally designed these models for students in my courses in Instrumental Analysis (an upper-division undergraduate laboratory course) and Spectrochemical Methods (a graduate lecture course). They were designed to be used by individual students either as homework assignments, for in-class use in a computer lab environment, in the laboratory for the analysis of student-generated data, or as a temporary replacement for unavailable laboratory equipment. They can also be used by the instructor in lecture-demonstration environments. Student assignment handouts and suggested experiments are attached to most of them. The mathematical basis for each model is described, including all cell definitions and equations. These spreadsheets make extensive use of named cells (variables), which makes the equations easier to understand (as compared to row-colunm references)'[1].
1.http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~toh/models/

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Analytical Chemistry Cross-Index

Analytical Chemistry Cross-Index

Chemistry online Resources

Link - http://www.chemistry.vt.edu/chem-ed/ac-basic.html

"This index provides an introduction to some of the fundamental concepts and methods of analytical chemistry. The topics are arranged in the order in which they are commonly presented in an undergraduate analytical chemistry course"[1].
1.http://www.chemistry.vt.edu/chem-ed/ac-basic.html

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December 10, 2008

Great Scientists - Documentry about Aristotle

Great Scientists - Documentry about Aristotle

Aristotle (Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs) (384 BC – 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. He wrote on many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, politics, government, ethics, biology and zoology.

Together with Plato and Socrates (Plato's teacher), Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy. He was the first to create a comprehensive system of Western philosophy, encompassing morality and aesthetics, logic and science, politics and metaphysics. Aristotle's views on the physical sciences profoundly shaped medieval scholarship, and their influence extended well into the Renaissance, although they were ultimately replaced by modern physics. In the biological sciences, some of his observations were only confirmed to be accurate in the nineteenth century. His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, which were incorporated in the late nineteenth century into modern formal logic. In metaphysics, Aristotelianism had a profound influence on philosophical and theological thinking in the Islamic and Jewish traditions in the Middle Ages, and it continues to influence Christian theology, especially Eastern Orthodox theology, and the scholastic tradition of the Roman Catholic Church. All aspects of Aristotle's philosophy continue to be the object of active academic study today.

Though Aristotle wrote many elegant treatises and dialogues (Cicero described his literary style as "a river of gold"), it is thought that the majority of his writings are now lost and only about one third of the original works have survived.

He was a keen systematic collector of riddles, folklore, and proverbs; he and his school had a special interest in the riddles of the Delphic Oracle and studied the fables of Aesop.

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December 9, 2008

Uncertainty principle - BBC Documentary

Uncertainty principle - BBC Documentary

Best Science Online Documentaries

In quantum physics, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that the values of certain pairs of conjugate variables (position and momentum, for instance) cannot both be known with arbitrary precision. That is, the more precisely one variable is known, the less precisely the other is known. This is not a statement about the limitations of a researcher's ability to measure particular quantities of a system, but rather about the nature of the system itself[1].
1.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_principle

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December 7, 2008

Mineralogy Database


Mineralogy Database

Chemistry online Resources

Link - http://www.webmineral.com/

"Mineral data for individual species are linked to mineral tables by crystallography, crystal structures, X-Ray powder diffraction, chemical composition, physical and optical properties, Dana's New classification, Strunz classification, mineral specimen images, and alphabetical listings of mineral species. There also are extensive links to other external sources of mineral data and information"[1].
1.http://www.webmineral.com/

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XRayView

XRayView - Chemistry Software

Chemistry online Resources

XRayView, G. N. Phillips Lab, supported by W. M. Keck Foundation. a Teaching Aid for X-ray Crystallography

XRayView : A Virtual X-Ray Crystallography Laboratory

Link - http://phillips-lab.biochem.wisc.edu/software.html

"This software uses interactive computer graphics to introduce basic concepts of X-ray diffraction by crystals, including the reciprocal lattice, the Ewald sphere construction, Laue cones, the wavelength dependence of the reciprocal lattice, primitive and centered lattices and systematic extinctions, rotation photography, Laue photography, space group determination and Laue group symmetry, and the alignment of crystals by examination of reciprocal space.

XRayView is designed with "user-friendliness" in mind, using Motif style, pull-down menus to control the program. Many of the experiences of using real X-ray diffraction equipment to examine crystalline diffraction can be simulated. Exercises are available on-line to guide the users through typical X-ray diffraction experiments"[1].
1.http://phillips-lab.biochem.wisc.edu/software.html

XRayPlot

Link -
http://phillips-lab.biochem.wisc.edu/software.html

"XRayPlot allows plots of arbitrary planes of diffraction data given the space group symmetry, the unit cell dimensions, and a list of intensities or structure factor amplitudes with their associated hkl indices"[1].
1.http://phillips-lab.biochem.wisc.edu/software.html


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Crystal structure analysis


Crystal structure analysis

Chemistry online Resources

Internet Course: Structure Determination by Powder Diffractometry (SDPD), Universite du Maine, France. Learn how to determine a crystal structure from powder diffraction data with experts help

Link - http://sdpd.univ-lemans.fr/course/index.html

The SDPD (Structure Determination by Powder Diffractometry) Internet Course is accomplished in 10 sessions, exclusively on Internet and asynchronous. Students are expected to work at least 8 hours per week on the documents and exercises sent by e-mail. The diploma is attributed after a final examination consisting in the structure determination of an unknown compound in 2 weeks.

Various teaching material prepared by A. D. Hunter, A. D. Hunter. Includes a student friendly lab manual on using the SHELXTL (and to a lesser extent SHELX) package of single-crystal programs to solve routine crystal structures. Also available at http://www.as.ysu.edu/~adhunter/YSUSC/index.html

Link - http://www.as.ysu.edu/~adhunter/Teaching/Chem832/index.html

Practical Guide to Solving Single Crystal Structures, Manuel A. Fernandes. Guide to solving crystal structures using WinGX together with other well know crystallographic packages such as Platon and Mercury

Link - http://www.gh.wits.ac.za/manuel/solving-xtals/

"This webpage hosts a guide to solving crystal structures using WinGX together with other well know crystallographic packages such as Platon and Mercury. Currently Chapter 1 (describing the theory behind crystallography at a very basic level) is missing and will be added later. This was however covered in the lectures and can be found in any crystallography text book. In addition, a fifth chapter describing the structure solution of disordered structures still has be added"[1].
1.http://www.gh.wits.ac.za/manuel/solving-xtals/

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Mathematical techniques in Powder diffraction


Mathematical techniques in Powder diffraction

Chemistry online Resources

Pepinsky's Machine, N. M. Glykos. A teaching aid to illustrate the principles and the application of the Fourier series in crystallography

Link - http://utopia.duth.gr/~glykos/pepinsky.html
  • "Pepinsky's Machine is free software and you are encouraged to use, copy, modify, and distribute both the program and its documentation (PDF, 1.1 MBytes).

  • If you ever need to reference this program in your publications (but note that you are not required -at least by me- to do so), please use the following citation : Glykos, N.M. (1999), "Pepinsky's Machine : an interactive, graphics-based Fourier synthesis program with applications in teaching and research.", J. Appl. Crystallogr., 32, 821-823.
    Electronic reprint (660 KBytes) : Local copy, or directly from J. Appl. Cryst. 32, 821-823, FREE ITEM, Copyright © International Union of Crystallography"[1].
1.http://utopia.duth.gr/~glykos/pepinsky.html


Statistical Descriptors in Crystallography, D. Schwarzenbach et al. Reports of a working group appointed by the IUCr Nomenclature Committee

Link - http://ww1.iucr.org/comm/cnom/statdes/preface.html

This document provides an authoratitive statement of the use of statistics in crystallography. The document contains a Glossary of statistical terms and sections on the following topics:
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Free Chemistry Hand Books

Hand Books

This site provides thermochemical, thermophysical, and ion energetics data compiled by NIST under the Standard Reference Data Program.


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